Template:Infobox carbon

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Carbon, 6C
File:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
allotropesgraphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
दिखावट
  • graphite: black, metallic-looking
  • diamond: clear
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
  • [12.0096, 12.0116]
  • 12.011±0.002 (abridged)[1]
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z)6
समूहgroup 14 (carbon group)
अवधिperiod 2
ब्लॉक  p-block
ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास[He] 2s2 2p2
प्रति शेल इलेक्ट्रॉन2, 4
भौतिक गुण
Phase at STPsolid
उच्चता बिंदु3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[2]
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
तीन बिंदु4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[3][4]
संलयन की गर्मीgraphite: 117 kJ/mol
दाढ़ गर्मी क्षमताgraphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
परमाणु गुण
ऑक्सीकरण राज्य−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[5] +2, +3,[6] +4[7] (a mildly acidic oxide)
इलेक्ट्रोनगेटिविटीPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
सहसंयोजक त्रिज्याsp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
[वैन डेर वाल्स रेडियस]]170 pm
File:Carbon spectrum visible.png
Spectral lines of carbon
अन्य गुण
प्राकृतिक घटनाprimordial
क्रिस्टल की संरचनाgraphite: ​simple hexagonal
(black)
क्रिस्टल की संरचनाdiamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic
(clear)
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
थर्मल विस्तारdiamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[8]
ऊष्मीय चालकताgraphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K)
diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
विद्युत प्रतिरोधकताgraphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m[9]
चुंबकीय आदेशdiamagnetic[10]
दाढ़ चुंबकीय संवेदनशीलताdiamond: −5.9×10−6 cm3/mol[11]
यंग मापांकdiamond: 1050 GPa[8]
कतरनी मापांकdiamond: 478 GPa[8]
थोक मापांकdiamond: 442 GPa[8]
पॉइसन अनुपातdiamond: 0.1[8]
मोहन कठोरताgraphite: 1–2
diamond: 10
CAS नंबर
  • atomic carbon: 7440-44-0
  • graphite: 7782-42-5
  • diamond: 7782-40-3
History
खोज]Egyptians and Sumerians[12] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[13] (1789)
Main isotopes of carbon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
11C syn 20 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.1% stable
14C trace 5730 y β− 14N