Template:Infobox carbon: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Infobox templates|carbon]]
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Revision as of 16:02, 5 December 2022

Carbon, 6C
File:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
allotropesgraphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
दिखावट
  • graphite: black, metallic-looking
  • diamond: clear
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
  • [12.0096, 12.0116]
  • 12.011±0.002 (abridged)[1]
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z)6
समूहgroup 14 (carbon group)
अवधिperiod 2
ब्लॉक  p-block
ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास[He] 2s2 2p2
प्रति शेल इलेक्ट्रॉन2, 4
भौतिक गुण
Phase at STPsolid
उच्चता बिंदु3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[2]
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
तीन बिंदु4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[3][4]
संलयन की गर्मीgraphite: 117 kJ/mol
दाढ़ गर्मी क्षमताgraphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
परमाणु गुण
ऑक्सीकरण राज्य−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[5] +2, +3,[6] +4[7] (a mildly acidic oxide)
इलेक्ट्रोनगेटिविटीPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
सहसंयोजक त्रिज्याsp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
[वैन डेर वाल्स रेडियस]]170 pm
File:Carbon spectrum visible.png
Spectral lines of carbon
अन्य गुण
प्राकृतिक घटनाprimordial
क्रिस्टल की संरचनाgraphite: ​simple hexagonal
(black)
क्रिस्टल की संरचनाdiamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic
(clear)
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
थर्मल विस्तारdiamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[8]
ऊष्मीय चालकताgraphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K)
diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
विद्युत प्रतिरोधकताgraphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m[9]
चुंबकीय आदेशdiamagnetic[10]
दाढ़ चुंबकीय संवेदनशीलताdiamond: −5.9×10−6 cm3/mol[11]
यंग मापांकdiamond: 1050 GPa[8]
कतरनी मापांकdiamond: 478 GPa[8]
थोक मापांकdiamond: 442 GPa[8]
पॉइसन अनुपातdiamond: 0.1[8]
मोहन कठोरताgraphite: 1–2
diamond: 10
CAS नंबर
  • atomic carbon: 7440-44-0
  • graphite: 7782-42-5
  • diamond: 7782-40-3
History
खोज]Egyptians and Sumerians[12] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[13] (1789)
Main isotopes of carbon
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
11C syn 20 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.1% stable
14C trace 5730 y β− 14N
Category Category: Carbon
| references

Check temperatures C: no input for C, K, F.

Check temperatures C: no input for C, K, F.

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (demo)
Group (demo)
Period (demo)
Block (demo)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2021-12-24)
See also Category:Infobox element data sets (0)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  3. ↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357–361. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  4. ↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115–1142. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  5. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  6. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  7. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  9. ↑ "Material Properties- Misc Materials". www.nde-ed.org. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  10. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  11. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
  12. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  13. ↑ Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CRC" /> for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
  • <ref name="triple2" /> for the source by Haaland
  • <ref name="triple3" /> for the Savvatimskiy
  • <ref name="ioffe" /> for the Ioffe Institute Database

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