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Āryabhaṭa (476–550 CE) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Aryabhata|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata}}</ref>was an Indian mathematician and astronomer of the classical age
Āryabhaṭa (476–550 CE) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Āryabhaṭa|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata}}</ref>was born in Pataliputra (Patna). He was an Indian mathematician and astronomer of the classical age


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of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. He flourished in the Gupta Era and produced works such as the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta.
of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. He flourished in the Gupta Era<ref>{{Cite web|title=Achievements of the Gupta Empire|url=https://www.studentsofhistory.com/the-gupta-empire}}</ref> and produced works such as the [[Āryabhaṭīya]] (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Ārya-siddhānta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Āryabhaṭa|url=https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Aryabhata}}</ref>.


His pure mathematics discusses topics such as determination of square and cube roots, geometrical figures with their properties and mensuration, arithmetric progression problems on the shadow of the gnomon, quadratic equations, linear and indeterminate equations. Aryabhata calculated the value of pi (π) 3.1416 to the fourth decimal digit. Scholars consider him to be one of the pillars of Indian astronomy and mathematics.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Primer to Bhāratīya Gaṇitam , Bhāratīya-Gaṇita-Praveśa- Part-1|publisher=Samskrit Promotion Foundation|year=2021|isbn=978-81-951757-2-7}}</ref>
Āryabhaṭīya deals with both mathematics and astronomy. It contains 121 stanzas and the subject matter is divided into 4 chapters, called Pāda (section).
 
Pāda -1 (Gītikā-pāda):Consists of 13 stanzas sets forth the basic definitions and important astronomical parameters and tables. It gives the definitions of
 
- [[Kalpa]], Manu and Yuga which are the larger units of time
 
- Sign, degree and minute which are the circular units
 
- Linear units  yojana, hasta, aṅgula
 
Pāda - 2 (Gaṇita-pāda) :Consists of 33 stanzas talks about Mathematics. The topics covered are Geometrical figures, their properties and mensuration ; problems on the shadow of the gnomon ; simple, simulatenous,  quadratic and linear indeterminate equations. Methods to extract square root and cube root.
 
Pāda - 3 (Kālakriyā-pāda) :Consists of 25 stanzas dealing with various unit of time and the determination of true positions of the Sun, Moon and the planets. Methods to compute the true longitudes of the Sun, Moon and the planets.
 
Pāda - 4 (Gola-pāda) :Consists of 50 stanzas dealing with motion of Sun, Moon and the planets on the celestial sphere. Calculation and graphical representation of the eclipses and visibility of the planets.
 
Āryabhaṭīya is generally supposed to be a collection of two compositions<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shukla|first=Kripa Shankar|title=Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa|publisher=The Indian National Science Academy|year=1976|location=New Delhi|page=XXV}}</ref> : 1.Daśagītikā-sūtra:  consists of  pāda -1 stating the astronomical  parameters in 10 stanzas in [[gītikā]] metre and 2.Āryāṣṭaśata : consist of second, third and fourth pādas having 108 stanzas in  [[āryā]] metre).
 
Here are the notable features of Āryabhaṭīya :
 
# Alphabetical system of numeral notation defined by Āryabhaṭa  is different from [[Systems of Numerations|Kaṭapayādi]] system but much more effective in expressing number briefly in verse.
# Circumference to diameter ratio π = 3.1416.
# The table of sine differences
#Solution of indeterminate equations
#Theory of Earth's rotation
#The astronomical parameters
#Time and divisions of time
#Theory of planetary motion
#Celestial latitudes of the planets
#Use of the  radian measure in minutes
The commentary on Āryabhaṭīya was written by  [[Bhāskara I]] , Prabhākara, Someśvara, Sūryadeva , Parameśvara, Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji, Mādhava.
 
== See Also ==
[[आर्यभट]]
 
== External Links ==
 
* [https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/category-indians/ Ancient Indian mathematics - Biographies]
* [https://www.storyofmathematics.com/indian.html/ Indian Mathematics and Mathematicians]


== References ==
== References ==


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Latest revision as of 12:33, 2 August 2023

Āryabhaṭa (476–550 CE) [1]was born in Pataliputra (Patna). He was an Indian mathematician and astronomer of the classical age

Āryabhaṭa
2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg
जन्म476 CE
Kusumapura (Pataliputra)
मर गया550 CE
Pataliputra
युगGupta Era
उल्लेखनीय कार्यĀryabhaṭīya, Arya-siddhanta

of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. He flourished in the Gupta Era[2] and produced works such as the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Ārya-siddhānta[3].

Āryabhaṭīya deals with both mathematics and astronomy. It contains 121 stanzas and the subject matter is divided into 4 chapters, called Pāda (section).

Pāda -1 (Gītikā-pāda):Consists of 13 stanzas sets forth the basic definitions and important astronomical parameters and tables. It gives the definitions of

- Kalpa, Manu and Yuga which are the larger units of time

- Sign, degree and minute which are the circular units

- Linear units yojana, hasta, aṅgula

Pāda - 2 (Gaṇita-pāda) :Consists of 33 stanzas talks about Mathematics. The topics covered are Geometrical figures, their properties and mensuration ; problems on the shadow of the gnomon ; simple, simulatenous, quadratic and linear indeterminate equations. Methods to extract square root and cube root.

Pāda - 3 (Kālakriyā-pāda) :Consists of 25 stanzas dealing with various unit of time and the determination of true positions of the Sun, Moon and the planets. Methods to compute the true longitudes of the Sun, Moon and the planets.

Pāda - 4 (Gola-pāda) :Consists of 50 stanzas dealing with motion of Sun, Moon and the planets on the celestial sphere. Calculation and graphical representation of the eclipses and visibility of the planets.

Āryabhaṭīya is generally supposed to be a collection of two compositions[4] : 1.Daśagītikā-sūtra: consists of pāda -1 stating the astronomical parameters in 10 stanzas in gītikā metre and 2.Āryāṣṭaśata : consist of second, third and fourth pādas having 108 stanzas in āryā metre).

Here are the notable features of Āryabhaṭīya :

  1. Alphabetical system of numeral notation defined by Āryabhaṭa is different from Kaṭapayādi system but much more effective in expressing number briefly in verse.
  2. Circumference to diameter ratio π = 3.1416.
  3. The table of sine differences
  4. Solution of indeterminate equations
  5. Theory of Earth's rotation
  6. The astronomical parameters
  7. Time and divisions of time
  8. Theory of planetary motion
  9. Celestial latitudes of the planets
  10. Use of the radian measure in minutes

The commentary on Āryabhaṭīya was written by Bhāskara I , Prabhākara, Someśvara, Sūryadeva , Parameśvara, Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji, Mādhava.

See Also

आर्यभट

External Links

References

  1. ↑ "Āryabhaṭa".
  2. ↑ "Achievements of the Gupta Empire".
  3. ↑ "Āryabhaṭa".
  4. ↑ Shukla, Kripa Shankar (1976). Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa. New Delhi: The Indian National Science Academy. p. XXV.
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