Template:Program execution

Program execution
General concepts
Code Translation Compiler Compile time Optimizing compiler Intermediate representation (IR) Execution Runtime system Runtime Executable Interpreter Virtual machine
Types of code
Source code Object code Bytecode Machine code Microcode
Compilation strategies
Just-in-time (JIT) Tracing just-in-time Ahead-of-time (AOT) Transcompilation Recompilation
Notable runtimes
Android Runtime (ART) Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono crt0 Java virtual machine (JVM) Objective-C and Swift V8 and Node.js CPython and PyPy Zend Engine (PHP) LuaJIT (Lua)
Notable compilers & toolchains
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang
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