Germanium, 32 Ge File:Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg उच्चारण (jur-MAY -nee-əm ) दिखावट grayish-white Standard atomic weight A r °(Ge) 72.630± 0.008 72.630± 0.008 (abridged)[1]
Atomic number (Z ) 32 समूह group 14 (carbon group) अवधि period 4 ब्लॉक p-block ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास [Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p2 प्रति शेल इलेक्ट्रॉन 2, 8, 18, 4 Phase at STP solid गलनांक 1211.40 K (938.25 °C, 1720.85 °F) क्वथनांक 3106 K (2833 °C, 5131 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 5.323 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 5.60 g/cm3 संलयन की गर्मी 36.94 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 334 kJ/mol दाढ़ गर्मी क्षमता 23.222 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1644
1814
2023
2287
2633
3104
ऑक्सीकरण राज्य −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2 , +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)इलेक्ट्रोनगेटिविटी Pauling scale: 2.01 Ionization energies 1st: 762 kJ/mol 2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol परमाणु का आधा घेरा empirical: 122 pm सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या 122 pm [वैन डेर वाल्स रेडियस]] 211 pm Spectral lines of germaniumप्राकृतिक घटना primordial क्रिस्टल की संरचना face-centered diamond-cubic Speed of sound thin rod 5400 m/s (at 20 °C) थर्मल विस्तार 6.0 µm/(m⋅K) ऊष्मीय चालकता 60.2 W/(m⋅K) विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता 1 Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) ऊर्जा अंतराल 0.67 eV (at 300 K) चुंबकीय आदेश diamagnetic [3] दाढ़ चुंबकीय संवेदनशीलता −76.84× 10−6 cm3 /mol[4] यंग मापांक 103 GPa[5] कतरनी मापांक 41 GPa[5] थोक मापांक 75 GPa[5] पॉइसन अनुपात 0.26[5] मोहन कठोरता 6.0 CAS नंबर 7440-56-4 नामी after Germany, homeland of the discoverer भविष्यवाणी Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) खोज ]Clemens Winkler (1886)
Category Category: Germanium | references
Ge: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
938.25
—
—
K
1211.40
1211.40
0
F
1720.85
1720.85
0
max precision
2
WD
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
input
C: 938.25, K: 1211.40, F: 1720.85
comment
Ge: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
2833
—
—
K
3106
3106
0
F
5131
5131
0
max precision
0
WD
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
input
C: 2833, K: 3106, F: 5131
comment
References
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