Hafnium, 72Hf| File:Hf-crystal bar.jpg |
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| उच्चारण | (HAF-nee-əm) |
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| दिखावट | steel gray |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar°(Hf) | - 178.486±0.006
- 178.49±0.01 (abridged)[1]
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| Atomic number (Z) | 72 |
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| समूह | group 4 |
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| अवधि | period 6 |
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| ब्लॉक | d-block |
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| ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
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| प्रति शेल इलेक्ट्रॉन | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| गलनांक | 2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) |
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| क्वथनांक | 4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 13.31 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 12 g/cm3 |
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| संलयन की गर्मी | 27.2 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 648 kJ/mol |
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| दाढ़ गर्मी क्षमता | 25.73 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
| P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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| at T (K)
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2689
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2954
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3277
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3679
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4194
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4876
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| ऑक्सीकरण राज्य | −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| इलेक्ट्रोनगेटिविटी | Pauling scale: 1.3 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 658.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1440 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2250 kJ/mol
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| परमाणु का आधा घेरा | empirical: 159 pm |
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| सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या | 175±10 pm |
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| Spectral lines of hafnium |
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| प्राकृतिक घटना | primordial |
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| क्रिस्टल की संरचना | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 3010 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| थर्मल विस्तार | 5.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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| ऊष्मीय चालकता | 23.0 W/(m⋅K) |
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| विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता | 331 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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| चुंबकीय आदेश | paramagnetic[2] |
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| दाढ़ चुंबकीय संवेदनशीलता | +75.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)[3] |
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| यंग मापांक | 78 GPa |
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| कतरनी मापांक | 30 GPa |
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| थोक मापांक | 110 GPa |
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| पॉइसन अनुपात | 0.37 |
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| मोहन कठोरता | 5.5 |
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| विकर्स कठोरता | 1520–2060 MPa |
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| ब्रिनेल हार्डनेस | 1450–2100 MPa |
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| CAS नंबर | 7440-58-6 |
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| नामी | after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered |
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| भविष्यवाणी | Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
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| खोज और पहला अलगाव | Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) |
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Category Category: Hafnium | references |
Hf: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
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in
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calc from C
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diff
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report
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ref
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| C
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2233
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—
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—
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| K
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2506
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2506
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0
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|
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| F
|
4051
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4051
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0
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|
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| max precision
|
0
|
| WD
|
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
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|
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Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
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| input
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C: 2233, K: 2506, F: 4051
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| comment
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Hf: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
|
|
|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
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| C
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4603
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—
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—
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|
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| K
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4876
|
4876
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0
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|
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| F
|
8317
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8317
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0
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|
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| max precision
|
0
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| WD
|
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
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|
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Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
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| input
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C: 4603, K: 4876, F: 8317
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| comment
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References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
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