Latest revision as of 12:12, 12 May 2023
Hafnium, 72 Hf File:Hf-crystal bar.jpg उच्चारण (HAF -nee-əm ) दिखावट steel gray Standard atomic weight A r °(Hf) 178.486± 0.006 178.49± 0.01 (abridged)[1]
Atomic number (Z ) 72 समूह group 4 अवधि period 6 ब्लॉक d-block ऋणावेशित सूक्ष्म अणु का विन्यास [Xe ] 4f14 5d2 6s2 प्रति शेल इलेक्ट्रॉन 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 Phase at STP solid गलनांक 2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) क्वथनांक 4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 13.31 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 12 g/cm3 संलयन की गर्मी 27.2 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 648 kJ/mol दाढ़ गर्मी क्षमता 25.73 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2689
2954
3277
3679
4194
4876
ऑक्सीकरण राज्य −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) इलेक्ट्रोनगेटिविटी Pauling scale: 1.3 Ionization energies 1st: 658.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1440 kJ/mol 3rd: 2250 kJ/mol परमाणु का आधा घेरा empirical: 159 pm सहसंयोजक त्रिज्या 175±10 pm Spectral lines of hafniumप्राकृतिक घटना primordial क्रिस्टल की संरचना hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Speed of sound thin rod 3010 m/s (at 20 °C) थर्मल विस्तार 5.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) ऊष्मीय चालकता 23.0 W/(m⋅K) विद्युत प्रतिरोधकता 331 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) चुंबकीय आदेश paramagnetic [2] दाढ़ चुंबकीय संवेदनशीलता +75.0× 10−6 cm3 /mol (at 298 K)[3] यंग मापांक 78 GPa कतरनी मापांक 30 GPa थोक मापांक 110 GPa पॉइसन अनुपात 0.37 मोहन कठोरता 5.5 विकर्स कठोरता 1520–2060 MPa ब्रिनेल हार्डनेस 1450–2100 MPa CAS नंबर 7440-58-6 नामी after Hafnia . Latin for: Copenhagen , where it was discovered भविष्यवाणी Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) खोज और पहला अलगावDirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Category Category: Hafnium | references
Hf: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
2233
—
—
K
2506
2506
0
F
4051
4051
0
max precision
0
WD
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
input
C: 2233, K: 2506, F: 4051
comment
Hf: Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
4603
—
—
K
4876
4876
0
F
8317
8317
0
max precision
0
WD
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
Script error: The module returned a nil value. It is supposed to return an export table.
input
C: 4603, K: 4876, F: 8317
comment
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
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