Bakhshālī Manuscript: Difference between revisions
m (Abhishek moved page Bakhshali Manuscript to Bakhshālī Manuscript without leaving a redirect) |
No edit summary |
||
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows]] | |||
[[Category:Articles with hCards]] | |||
[[Category:CS1 français-language sources (fr)]] | |||
[[Category:CS1 maint]] | |||
[[Category:CS1 Ελληνικά-language sources (el)]] | |||
[[Category:Citation Style 1 templates|W]] | |||
[[Category:Collapse templates]] | |||
[[Category:Mathematics]] | [[Category:Mathematics]] | ||
[[Category:Navigational boxes| ]] | |||
[[Category:Navigational boxes without horizontal lists]] | |||
[[Category:Organic Articles English]] | [[Category:Organic Articles English]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pages with script errors]] | ||
[[Category:Sidebars with styles needing conversion]] | |||
[[Category:Template documentation pages|Documentation/doc]] | |||
[[Category:Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module]] | |||
[[Category:Templates generating COinS|Cite web]] | |||
[[Category:Templates generating microformats]] | |||
[[Category:Templates that are not mobile friendly]] | |||
[[Category:Templates used by AutoWikiBrowser|Cite web]] | |||
[[Category:Templates using TemplateData]] | |||
[[Category:Wikipedia fully protected templates|Cite web]] | |||
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] | |||
Latest revision as of 14:38, 29 November 2022
Bakshali Manuscript | |
|---|---|
 |
The Bakhshali manuscript is an ancient Indian mathematical text written on birch bark that was found in 1881[1] in the village of Bakhshali, Mardan (near Peshawar in present-day Pakistan).
Contents
The manuscript is a summary of rules and illustrative examples. In the form of problems examples are provided and the solution is described and it is verified that the problem has been solved. The sample problems are in verse and commentary is in prose related with calculations. The problems contains arithmetic, algebra and geometry including mensuration. The details covered include fractions, square roots, arithmetic and geometric progressions, solutions of simple equations, simultaneous linear equations, quadratic equations and indeterminate equations of the second degree.[2]
Composition
The manuscript is written in an earlier form of Shardada script.[3]
Mathematics
The manuscript is a compilation of mathematical rules and examples in verse, and prose commentaries on these verses. Generally, a rule is given, with one or more examples, where each example is followed by a "statement" (nyāsa / sthāpanā) of the example's numerical information in tabular form, then a computation that works out the example by following the rule step-by-step while quoting it, and finally a verification to confirm that the solution satisfies the problem.
The rules are algorithms and techniques for a variety of problems, such as systems of linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions and arithmetico-geometric series, computing square roots approximately, dealing with negative numbers (profit and loss), measurement such as of the fineness of gold[4], etc.
Numerals and Zero
The Bakhshali manuscript uses numerals with a place-value system, using a dot as a place holder for zero. The dot symbol came to be called the shunya-bindu
