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[[File:StationaryStatesAnimation.gif|300px|thumb|right|गणितीय भौतिकी का एक उदाहरण: श्रोडिंगर के समीकरण का समाधान <!--क्वांटम यांत्रिकी में-->क्वांटम हार्मोनिक ऑसिलेटर  (बाएं) के लिए उनके आयाम (दाएं) के साथ।]]
[[File:StationaryStatesAnimation.gif|300px|thumb|right|गणितीय भौतिकी का एक उदाहरण: श्रोडिंगर के समीकरण का समाधान <!--क्वांटम यांत्रिकी में-->क्वांटम हार्मोनिक ऑसिलेटर  (बाएं) के लिए उनके आयाम (दाएं) के साथ।]]
गणितीय भौतिकी, भौतिकी की समस्याओं के समाधान के लिए गणितीय विधि के विकास को संदर्भित करता है। गणितीय भौतिकी दैनिकी क्षेत्र में " भौतिकी में समस्याओं के समाधान लिए गणित के अनुप्रयोग का, गणितीय विधियों के विकास और भौतिक सिद्धांतों के निर्माण" के रूप में परिभाषित करता है।<ref>Definition from the ''Journal of Mathematical Physics''. {{cite web |url=http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-10-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003233339/http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |archive-date=2006-10-03 }}</ref> वैकल्पिक परिभाषा में वे गणित भी शामिल है जो भौतिकी से प्रेरित हैं (जिन्हें भौतिक गणित भी कहा जाता है)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Physical mathematics and the future |url=https://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~gmoore/PhysicalMathematicsAndFuture.pdf |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.physics.rutgers.edu}}</ref>
'''गणितीय भौतिकी''', भौतिकी की समस्याओं के समाधान के लिए गणितीय विधि के विकास को संदर्भित करता है। गणितीय भौतिकी दैनिकी क्षेत्र में " भौतिकी में समस्याओं के समाधान लिए गणित के अनुप्रयोग का, गणितीय विधियों के विकास और भौतिक सिद्धांतों के निर्माण" के रूप में परिभाषित करता है।<ref>Definition from the ''Journal of Mathematical Physics''. {{cite web |url=http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-10-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003233339/http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |archive-date=2006-10-03 }}</ref> वैकल्पिक परिभाषा में वे गणित भी शामिल है जो भौतिकी से प्रेरित हैं (जिन्हें भौतिक गणित भी कहा जाता है)।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Physical mathematics and the future |url=https://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~gmoore/PhysicalMathematicsAndFuture.pdf |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.physics.rutgers.edu}}</ref>
== गुंजाइश ==
== गुंजाइश ==
गणितीय भौतिकी की कई अलग-अलग शाखाएँ हैं, और ये स्थूल रूप से विशेष ऐतिहासिक काल के अनुरूप हैं।
गणितीय भौतिकी की कई अलग-अलग शाखाएँ हैं, और ये स्थूल रूप से विशेष ऐतिहासिक काल के अनुरूप हैं।
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भौतिक सिद्धांतों को गणितीय रूप से कठोर स्तर पर रखने के प्रयास ने न केवल विकसित भौतिकी बल्कि कुछ गणितीय क्षेत्रों के विकास को भी प्रभावित किया है। उदाहरण के लिए, क्वांटम यांत्रिकी का विकास और कार्यात्मक विश्लेषण के कुछ पहलू कई मायनों में एक दूसरे के समानांतर हैं।क्वांटम यांत्रिकी, क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत और क्वांटम सांख्यिकीय यांत्रिकी के गणितीय अध्ययन ने ऑपरेटर बीजगणित में परिणाम प्रेरित किए हैं। क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत के कठोर गणितीय सूत्रीकरण के प्रयास ने भी प्रतिनिधित्व सिद्धांत जैसे क्षेत्रों में कुछ प्रगति की है।
भौतिक सिद्धांतों को गणितीय रूप से कठोर स्तर पर रखने के प्रयास ने न केवल विकसित भौतिकी बल्कि कुछ गणितीय क्षेत्रों के विकास को भी प्रभावित किया है। उदाहरण के लिए, क्वांटम यांत्रिकी का विकास और कार्यात्मक विश्लेषण के कुछ पहलू कई मायनों में एक दूसरे के समानांतर हैं।क्वांटम यांत्रिकी, क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत और क्वांटम सांख्यिकीय यांत्रिकी के गणितीय अध्ययन ने ऑपरेटर बीजगणित में परिणाम प्रेरित किए हैं। क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत के कठोर गणितीय सूत्रीकरण के प्रयास ने भी प्रतिनिधित्व सिद्धांत जैसे क्षेत्रों में कुछ प्रगति की है।


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== प्रमुख गणितीय भौतिक विज्ञानी ==
== प्रमुख गणितीय भौतिक विज्ञानी ==
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*{{Citation |last=Zaslow |first=Eric |year=2005 |title=Physmatics |arxiv=physics/0506153|bibcode = 2005physics...6153Z }}
*{{Citation |last=Zaslow |first=Eric |year=2005 |title=Physmatics |arxiv=physics/0506153|bibcode = 2005physics...6153Z }}


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== अग्रिम पठन ==
== अग्रिम पठन ==
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*{{citation |first = Edward C. |last = Titchmarsh  |title = The Theory of Functions  |edition = 2nd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1985}}
*{{citation |first = Edward C. |last = Titchmarsh  |title = The Theory of Functions  |edition = 2nd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1985}}


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=== स्नातक अध्ययन के लिए पाठ्यपुस्तकें ===
=== स्नातक अध्ययन के लिए पाठ्यपुस्तकें ===
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*हसनी, सदरी (2009), भौतिकी और संबंधित क्षेत्रों के छात्रों के लिए गणितीय तरीके, (दूसरा संस्करण), न्यूयॉर्क, स्प्रिंगर, ईआईएसबीएन 978-0-387-09504-2
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=== स्नातक अध्ययन के लिए पाठ्यपुस्तकें ===
=== स्नातक अध्ययन के लिए पाठ्यपुस्तकें ===
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=== शास्त्रीय भौतिकी में विशेष ग्रंथ ===
=== शास्त्रीय भौतिकी में विशेष ग्रंथ ===
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*{{citation |first1 = Ralph |last1 = Abraham |first2 = Jerrold E. |last2 = Marsden |title =  Foundations of Mechanics: A Mathematical Exposition of Classical Mechanics with an Introduction to the Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems  |edition = 2nd |publisher = AMS Chelsea Publishing |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-0-8218-4438-0}}
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*{{citation |first1 = Frederick |last1 = Bloom |title =  Mathematical Problems of Classical Nonlinear Electromagnetic Theory |publisher = CRC Press |year = 1993 |isbn = 0-582-21021-6}}
*{{citation |first1 = Franck |last1 = Boyer |first2 = Pierre |last2 = Fabrie |title =  Mathematical Tools for the Study of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations and Related Models |publisher =  Springer |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-4614-5974-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = Franck |last1 = Boyer |first2 = Pierre |last2 = Fabrie |title =  Mathematical Tools for the Study of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations and Related Models |publisher =  Springer |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-4614-5974-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = David |last1 = Colton |first2 = Rainer |last2 = Kress |title =  Integral Equation Methods in Scattering Theory |publisher =  Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-611973-15-0}}
*{{citation |first1 = David |last1 = Colton |first2 = Rainer |last2 = Kress |title =  Integral Equation Methods in Scattering Theory |publisher =  Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-611973-15-0}}
*{{citation |first1 = Philippe G. |last1 = Ciarlet |author1-link = Philippe G. Ciarlet |title =  Mathematical Elasticity |others=Vol 1–3 |publisher =  Elsevier |year = 1988–2000}}
*{{citation |first1 = Philippe G. |last1 = Ciarlet |title =  Mathematical Elasticity |others=Vol 1–3 |publisher =  Elsevier |year = 1988–2000}}
*{{citation |first = Giovanni P. |last = Galdi |title =  An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of the Navier-Stokes Equations: Steady-State Problems |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-0-387-09619-3}}
*{{citation |first = Giovanni P. |last = Galdi |title =  An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of the Navier-Stokes Equations: Steady-State Problems |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-0-387-09619-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = George W. |last1 = Hanson |first2 = Alexander B. |last2 = Yakovlev |title =  Operator Theory for Electromagnetics: An Introduction |publisher = Springer |year = 2002 |isbn = 978-1-4419-2934-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = George W. |last1 = Hanson |first2 = Alexander B. |last2 = Yakovlev |title =  Operator Theory for Electromagnetics: An Introduction |publisher = Springer |year = 2002 |isbn = 978-1-4419-2934-1}}
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*{{citation |first1 = Andreas |last1 = Knauf |title =  Mathematical Physics: Classical Mechanics |publisher = Springer |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-3-662-55772-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = Andreas |last1 = Knauf |title =  Mathematical Physics: Classical Mechanics |publisher = Springer |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-3-662-55772-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = Kurt |last1 = Lechner |title =  Classical Electrodynamics: A Modern Perspective |publisher = Springer |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-3-319-91808-2}}
*{{citation |first1 = Kurt |last1 = Lechner |title =  Classical Electrodynamics: A Modern Perspective |publisher = Springer |year = 2018 |isbn = 978-3-319-91808-2}}
*{{citation |first1 = Jerrold E. |last1 = Marsden |author1-link = Jerrold E. Marsden |first2 = Tudor S. |last2 = Ratiu |author2-link = Tudor Ratiu |title =  Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry: A Basic Exposition of Classical Mechanical Systems |edition = 2nd |publisher = Springer |year = 1999 |isbn = 978-1-4419-3143-6}}
*{{citation |first1 = Jerrold E. |last1 = Marsden |first2 = Tudor S. |last2 = Ratiu |title =  Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry: A Basic Exposition of Classical Mechanical Systems |edition = 2nd |publisher = Springer |year = 1999 |isbn = 978-1-4419-3143-6}}
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*{{citation |first1 = Claus |last1 = Müller |title =  Foundations of the Mathematical Theory of Electromagnetic Waves |publisher = Springer-Verlag |year = 1969 |isbn = 978-3-662-11775-0}}
*{{citation |first = Alexander G. |last = Ramm |author-link = Alexander Ramm |title =  Scattering by Obstacles and Potentials |publisher = World Scientific |year = 2018 |isbn = 9789813220966}}
*{{citation |last = Ramm |title =  Scattering by Obstacles and Potentials |publisher = World Scientific |year = 2018 |isbn = 9789813220966}}
*{{citation |first1 = Gary F. |last1 = Roach |first2 = Ioannis G. |last2 = Stratis |first3 = Athanasios N. |last3 = Yannacopoulos |title =  Mathematical Analysis of Deterministic and Stochastic Problems in Complex Media Electromagnetics |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 2012 |isbn = 978-0-691-14217-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = Gary F. |last1 = Roach |first2 = Ioannis G. |last2 = Stratis |first3 = Athanasios N. |last3 = Yannacopoulos |title =  Mathematical Analysis of Deterministic and Stochastic Problems in Complex Media Electromagnetics |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 2012 |isbn = 978-0-691-14217-3}}




=== आधुनिक भौतिकी में विशेष ग्रंथ ===
=== आधुनिक भौतिकी में विशेष ग्रंथ ===
*{{citation |first1 = John C. |last1 = Baez |author-link = John Baez |first2 = Javier P. |last2 = Muniain |title =  Gauge Fields, Knots, and Gravity  |publisher =  World Scientific |year = 1994 |isbn = 981-02-2034-0}}
*{{citation |first1 = John C. |last1 = Baez |first2 = Javier P. |last2 = Muniain |title =  Gauge Fields, Knots, and Gravity  |publisher =  World Scientific |year = 1994 |isbn = 981-02-2034-0}}
*{{citation |first1 = Jiří |last1 = Blank |first2 = Pavel |last2 = Exner |author2-link = Pavel Exner |first3 = Miloslav |last3 = Havlíček |title =  Hilbert Space Operators in Quantum Physics |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-1-4020-8869-8 }}
*{{citation |first1 = Jiří |last1 = Blank |first2 = Pavel |last2 = Exner |first3 = Miloslav |last3 = Havlíček |title =  Hilbert Space Operators in Quantum Physics |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer |year = 2008 |isbn = 978-1-4020-8869-8 }}
*{{citation |first1 = Eberhard |last1 = Engel |first2 = Reiner M. |last2 = Dreizler |title =  Density Functional Theory: An Advanced Course  |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-3-642-14089-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = Eberhard |last1 = Engel |first2 = Reiner M. |last2 = Dreizler |title =  Density Functional Theory: An Advanced Course  |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 2011 |isbn = 978-3-642-14089-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = James |last1 = Glimm |author1-link = James Glimm |first2 = Arthur |last2 = Jaffe |author2-link =  Arthur Jaffe |title = Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 1987 |isbn = 0-387-96477-0}}
*{{citation |first1 = James |last1 = Glimm |first2 = Arthur |last2 = Jaffe |title = Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 1987 |isbn = 0-387-96477-0}}
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*{{citation |first = Rudolf |last = Haag |title =  Local Quantum Physics: Fields, Particles, Algebras |edition = 2nd |publisher = Springer-Verlag |year = 1996 |isbn = 3-540-61049-9}}
*{{citation |first = Brian C. |last = Hall |title =  Quantum Theory for Mathematicians |publisher = Springer |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-4614-7115-8}}
*{{citation |first = Brian C. |last = Hall |title =  Quantum Theory for Mathematicians |publisher = Springer |year = 2013 |isbn = 978-1-4614-7115-8}}
*{{citation |first=Mark J. D. |last=Hamilton |title=Mathematical Gauge Theory: With Applications to the Standard Model of Particle Physics |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-68438-3}}
*{{citation |first=Mark J. D. |last=Hamilton |title=Mathematical Gauge Theory: With Applications to the Standard Model of Particle Physics |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-68438-3}}
*{{citation |first1 = Stephen W. |last1 = Hawking |author1-link = Stephen Hawking |first2 = George F. R. |last2 = Ellis |author2-link = George F. R. Ellis |title = [[The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time]] |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 1973 |isbn = 0-521-20016-4}}
*{{citation |first1 = Stephen W. |last1 = Hawking |first2 = George F. R. |last2 = Ellis |title = The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 1973 |isbn = 0-521-20016-4}}
*{{citation |first=Roman |last=Jackiw |author-link =Roman Jackiw |title=Diverse Topics in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics |publisher=World Scientific |year=1995 |isbn=9810216963}}
*{{citation |first=Roman |last=Jackiw |title=Diverse Topics in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics |publisher=World Scientific |year=1995 |isbn=9810216963}}
*{{citation |first=Klaas |last=Landsman |title=Foundations of Quantum Theory: From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-51776-6}}
*{{citation |first=Klaas |last=Landsman |title=Foundations of Quantum Theory: From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-51776-6}}
*{{citation |first=Valter |last=Moretti |title=Spectral Theory and Quantum Mechanics: Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Theories, Symmetries and Introduction to the Algebraic Formulation |edition = 2nd |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-70705-1}}
*{{citation |first=Valter |last=Moretti |title=Spectral Theory and Quantum Mechanics: Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Theories, Symmetries and Introduction to the Algebraic Formulation |edition = 2nd |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-70705-1}}
*{{citation |first1=Didier |last1=Robert |first2=Monique |last2=Combescure |title=Coherent States and Applications in Mathematical Physics |edition = 2nd |publisher=Springer |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-70844-3}}
*{{citation |first1=Didier |last1=Robert |first2=Monique |last2=Combescure |title=Coherent States and Applications in Mathematical Physics |edition = 2nd |publisher=Springer |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-70844-3}}
*{{citation |author-link=Gerald Teschl |first=Gerald |last=Teschl |title=Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics: With Applications to Schrödinger Operators |publisher=American Mathematical Society |year=2009 |url=https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/book-schroe/|isbn=978-0-8218-4660-5}}
*{{citation |last=Teschl |title=Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics: With Applications to Schrödinger Operators |publisher=American Mathematical Society |year=2009 |url=https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/book-schroe/|isbn=978-0-8218-4660-5}}
*{{citation |first1 = Walter E. |last1 = Thirring |author-link = Walter Thirring |title = Quantum Mathematical Physics: Atoms, Molecules and Large Systems |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 2002 |isbn = 978-3-642-07711-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = Walter E. |last1 = Thirring |title = Quantum Mathematical Physics: Atoms, Molecules and Large Systems |edition = 2nd |publisher =  Springer-Verlag |year = 2002 |isbn = 978-3-642-07711-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = John |last1 = von Neumann |author-link = John von Neumann |title = [[Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics]] |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 2018 | isbn = 978-0-691-17856-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = John |last1 = von Neumann |title = Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics |publisher = Princeton University Press |year = 2018 | isbn = 978-0-691-17856-1}}
*{{citation |first1 = Hermann |last1 = Weyl |author1-link = Hermann Weyl |title =  The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics |publisher =  Martino Fine Books |year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1614275800}}
*{{citation |last1 = Weyl |title =  The Theory of Groups and Quantum Mechanics |publisher =  Martino Fine Books |year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1614275800}}
*{{citation |first = Francisco J. |last = Ynduráin |author-link=Francisco José Ynduráin |title = The Theory of Quark and Gluon Interactions |edition = 4th |publisher = Springer  |year = 2006 |isbn = 978-3642069741}}
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*{{citation |first = Eberhard |last = Zeidler  |author-link=Eberhard Zeidler (mathematician) |title = Quantum Field Theory: A Bridge Between Mathematicians and Physicists |others=Vol 1-3 |publisher = Springer  |year = 2006–2011}}
*{{citation |last = Zeidler  |title = Quantum Field Theory: A Bridge Between Mathematicians and Physicists |others=Vol 1-3 |publisher = Springer  |year = 2006–2011}}




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Latest revision as of 12:20, 25 August 2023

गणितीय भौतिकी का एक उदाहरण: श्रोडिंगर के समीकरण का समाधान क्वांटम हार्मोनिक ऑसिलेटर (बाएं) के लिए उनके आयाम (दाएं) के साथ।

गणितीय भौतिकी, भौतिकी की समस्याओं के समाधान के लिए गणितीय विधि के विकास को संदर्भित करता है। गणितीय भौतिकी दैनिकी क्षेत्र में " भौतिकी में समस्याओं के समाधान लिए गणित के अनुप्रयोग का, गणितीय विधियों के विकास और भौतिक सिद्धांतों के निर्माण" के रूप में परिभाषित करता है।[1] वैकल्पिक परिभाषा में वे गणित भी शामिल है जो भौतिकी से प्रेरित हैं (जिन्हें भौतिक गणित भी कहा जाता है)।[2]

गुंजाइश

गणितीय भौतिकी की कई अलग-अलग शाखाएँ हैं, और ये स्थूल रूप से विशेष ऐतिहासिक काल के अनुरूप हैं।

शास्त्रीय यांत्रिकी

न्यूटोनियन यांत्रिकी के कठोर, अमूर्त और उन्नत सुधार ने लैग्रैन्जियन यांत्रिकी और हैमिल्टन मैकेनिक्स को भी बाधाओं की उपस्थिति में अपनाया था। दोनों सूत्र विश्लेषणात्मक यांत्रिकी में सन्निहित हैं और गतिशील विकास के दौरान समरूपता और संरक्षित मात्रा की धारणाओं के गहरे परस्पर क्रिया को समझने के लिए नेतृत्व करते हैं, जैसा कि नोएदर के प्रमेय के सबसे प्राथमिक सूत्रीकरण के भीतर सन्निहित है। इन दृष्टिकोणों और विचारों को भौतिकी के अन्य क्षेत्रों में सांख्यिकीय यांत्रिकी, सातत्य यांत्रिकी, शास्त्रीय क्षेत्र सिद्धांत और क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत के रूप में विस्तारित किया गया है। इसके अलावा, उन्होंने विभेदक ज्यामिति में कई उदाहरण और विचार प्रदान किए हैं (उदाहरण के लिए सहानुभूति ज्यामिति और वेक्टर बंडल में कई धारणाएं)।

आंशिक अंतर समीकरण

निम्नलिखित गणित, आंशिक अंतर समीकरण का सिद्धांत, परिवर्तनशील कलन, फूरियर विश्लेषण, संभावित सिद्धांत और वेक्टर विश्लेषण, गणितीय भौतिकी के साथ सबसे निकट से जुड़े हुए हैं। इन्हें 18वीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्ध से (उदाहरण के लिए, डी'अलेम्बर्ट, यूलर, और लैग्रेंज द्वारा) 1930 के दशक तक गहन रूप से विकसित किया गया था। इन विकासों के भौतिक अनुप्रयोगों में जल-गत्यात्मकता, आकाशीय यांत्रिकी, सातत्य यांत्रिकी, लोच सिद्धांत, ध्वनिकी, ऊष्मप्रवैगिकी, बिजली, चुंबकत्व और वायुगतिकी शामिल हैं।

क्वांटम सिद्धांत

परमाणु स्पेक्ट्रा का सिद्धांत (और, बाद में, क्वांटम यांत्रिकी) रैखिक बीजगणित के गणितीय क्षेत्रों के कुछ हिस्सों, सक्रियक के वर्णक्रमीय सिद्धांत, सक्रियक बीजगणित और अधिक व्यापक रूप से, कार्यात्मक विश्लेषण के साथ लगभग समवर्ती रूप से विकसित हुआ था । गैर-सापेक्ष क्वांटम यांत्रिकी में श्रोडिंगर सक्रियक शामिल हैं, और इसका परमाणु और आणविक भौतिकी से संबंध है। क्वांटम सूचना सिद्धांत एक और उप-विशेषता है।

सापेक्षता और क्वांटम सापेक्षतावादी सिद्धांत

सापेक्षता के विशेष और सामान्य सिद्धांतों के लिए एक अलग प्रकार के गणित की आवश्यकता होती है। यह समूह सिद्धांत था, जिसने क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत और अंतर ज्यामिति दोनों में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई थी। हालाँकि, यह धीरे-धीरे ब्रह्मांड विज्ञान के साथ-साथ क्वांटम क्षेत्र सिद्धांत घटना के गणितीय विवरण में सांस्थिति और कार्यात्मक विश्लेषण द्वारा पूरक था।इन भौतिक क्षेत्रों के गणितीय विवरण में, समजातीय बीजगणित और श्रेणी सिद्धांत[3] में कुछ अवधारणाएँ भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

सांख्यिकीय यांत्रिकी

सांख्यिकीय यांत्रिकी एक अलग क्षेत्र बनाता है, जिसमें चरण संक्रमण का सिद्धांत शामिल है। यह हैमिल्टनियन यांत्रिकी (या इसके क्वांटम संस्करण) पर निर्भर करता है और यह अधिक गणितीय एर्गोडिक सिद्धांत और संभाव्यता सिद्धांत के कुछ हिस्सों से निकटता से संबंधित है। विशेष रूप से सांख्यिकीय भौतिकी में, साहचर्य और भौतिकी के बीच परस्पर क्रिया बढ़ रही है।

उपयोग

गणित और भौतिकी के बीच संबंध

"गणितीय भौतिकी" शब्द का प्रयोग कभी-कभी विशेष स्वभाव का होता है। गणित के कुछ हिस्से जो शुरू में भौतिकी के विकास से उत्पन्न हुए थे, वास्तव में, गणितीय भौतिकी के हिस्से नहीं माने जाते हैं, जबकि अन्य निकट से संबंधित क्षेत्र हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, साधारण अंतर समीकरण और सहानुभूति ज्यामिति को आम तौर पर विशुद्ध रूप से गणितीय विषयों के रूप में देखा जाता है, जबकि गतिशील प्रणाली और हैमिल्टनियन यांत्रिकी गणितीय भौतिकी से संबंधित हैं। जॉन हेरापथ ने "प्राकृतिक दर्शन के गणितीय सिद्धांतों" पर अपने 1847 के पाठ के शीर्षक के लिए इस शब्द का इस्तेमाल किया, उस समय का दायरा "गर्