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	<title>Template:Positivism - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-13T06:47:11Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Positivism&amp;diff=57345&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Indicwiki: 1 revision imported from :alpha:Template:Positivism</title>
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		<updated>2022-12-31T12:49:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported from &lt;a href=&quot;https://alpha.indicwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Positivism&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;alpha:Template:Positivism&quot;&gt;alpha:Template:Positivism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:19, 31 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>Indicwiki</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Positivism&amp;diff=57344&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>alpha&gt;Sandeep: Created page with &quot;{{Navbox with collapsible groups  | name = Positivism  | title = Positivism  | state = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|collapsed&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}  | listclass = hlist  | selected =...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Positivism&amp;diff=57344&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-12-26T06:13:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{Navbox with collapsible groups  | name = Positivism  | title = &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Positivism&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Positivism (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Positivism&lt;/a&gt;  | state = {{{state&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;|collapsed&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;}}}  | listclass = hlist  | selected =...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox with collapsible groups&lt;br /&gt;
 | name = Positivism&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = [[Positivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | state = {{{state&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;|collapsed&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 | listclass = hlist&lt;br /&gt;
 | selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | list1 = {{Navbox|child&lt;br /&gt;
   | groupwidth = 12.0em &amp;lt;!--(as below)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group1 = &amp;lt;!--[Superfluous?:] Positivist p--&amp;gt;Perspectives&lt;br /&gt;
   | list1 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Antihumanism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Empiricism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rationalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Scientism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group2 = Declinations&lt;br /&gt;
   | list2 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Legal positivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Logical positivism]]{{\}}[[analytic philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Positivist school (criminology)|Positivist school]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Postpositivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sociological positivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ernst Mach|Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rankean historical positivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Positivism in Poland|Polish positivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian Machism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group3 = Principal concepts&lt;br /&gt;
   | list3 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Consilience]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Demarcation problem|Demarcation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Evidence]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Inductive reasoning|Induction]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Justification (epistemology)|Justification]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pseudoscience]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vienna Circle#Critique of metaphysics|Critique of metaphysics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Unity of science]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Verificationism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group4 = Antitheses&lt;br /&gt;
   | list4 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Antipositivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Confirmation holism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Falsifiability]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{lang|de|[[Geisteswissenschaft]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hermeneutics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Historicism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Historism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Human science]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Humanities]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Methodological dualism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Problem of induction]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Reflectivism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group5 = Related [[paradigm shift]]s&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;in the [[history of science]]&lt;br /&gt;
   | list5 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Non-Euclidean geometry]] (1830s)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Uncertainty principle]] (1927)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group6 = Related topics&lt;br /&gt;
   | list6 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Behavioralism]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Post-behavioralism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Critical rationalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Criticism of science]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Epistemology]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Epistemological anarchism|anarchism]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Epistemological idealism|idealism]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Epistemological nihilism|nihilism]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Epistemological pluralism|pluralism]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Epistemological realism|realism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Holism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Instrumentalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Modernism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism in literature]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nomothetic and idiographic|Nomothetic–idiographic distinction]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity in science]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Operationalization|Operationalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Phenomenalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Philosophy of science]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Deductive-nomological model]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Ramsey sentence]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Sense data|Sense-data theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qualitative research]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Relationship between religion and science]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sociology]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Social science]]&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Philosophy of social science|Philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Structural functionalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Structuralism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Structuration theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | abbr2 = debate&lt;br /&gt;
 | state2 = &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;expanded&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 | section2 = Positivist-related debate&lt;br /&gt;
 | list2 = {{Navbox|child&lt;br /&gt;
   | groupwidth = 12.0em &amp;lt;!--(as above)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   &amp;lt;!-- Dated links listed chronologically --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group1 = Method&lt;br /&gt;
   | list1 =&lt;br /&gt;
* {{lang|de|[[Methodenstreit]]}} (1890s)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{lang|de|[[Werturteilsstreit]]}} (1909–1959)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{lang|de|[[Positivism dispute|Positivismusstreit]]}} (1960s)&amp;lt;!--(A dispute between critical theory and critical rationalism, the former accusing the latter of positivism)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Great Debates (international relations)#Fourth Great Debate|Fourth Great Debate in international relations]] (1980s)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Science wars]] (1990s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group2 = Contributions&lt;br /&gt;
   | list2 =&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' (1830)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' (1848)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Critical History of Philosophy]]'' (1869)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Idealism and Positivism]]'' (1879–1884)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Analysis of Sensations]]'' (1886)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Logic of Modern Physics]]'' (1927)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]'' (1936)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Two Cultures]]'' (1959)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Universe in a Nutshell]]'' (2001)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group3 = Proponents&lt;br /&gt;
   | list3 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Richard Avenarius]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[A. J. Ayer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Alexander Bogdanov]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Auguste Comte]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eugen Dühring]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Émile Durkheim]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ernst Laas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ernst Mach]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Berlin Circle]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vienna Circle]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group4 = Criticism&lt;br /&gt;
   | list4 =&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' (1909)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[History and Class Consciousness]]'' (1923)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]]'' (1934)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Poverty of Historicism]]'' (1936)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[World Hypotheses]]'' (1942)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' (1951)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Truth and Method]]'' (1960)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'' (1962)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Conjectures and Refutations]]'' (1963)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[One-Dimensional Man]]'' (1964)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[Knowledge and Human Interests]]'' (1968)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Poverty of Theory]]'' (1978)&amp;lt;!--(A critique of post-structuralism)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Scientific Image]]'' (1980)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''[[The Rhetoric of Economics]]'' (1986)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group5 = Critics&lt;br /&gt;
   | list5 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Theodor W. Adorno]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gaston Bachelard]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mario Bunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wilhelm Dilthey]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Paul Feyerabend]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thomas Kuhn]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[György Lukács]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Karl Popper]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Willard Van Orman Quine]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Max Weber]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   | group6 = Concepts in contention&lt;br /&gt;
   | list6 =&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Knowledge]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Objectivity (philosophy)|Objectivity]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{transl|grc|[[Phronesis]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Truth]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{lang|de|[[Verstehen]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 | below = {{c|Positivism|Category}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Documentation | content =&lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible sections option |list = debate}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{collapsible option |default = collapsed}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>alpha&gt;Sandeep</name></author>
	</entry>
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