Template:Periodic table (group names) - Revision history

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Indicwiki https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Periodic_table_(group_names)&diff=162163&oldid=prev alpha>Indicwiki: Created page with "<div class="mw-collapsible {{#ifeq:{{{state|}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed|{{{state|uncollapsed}}}}}" style="background:{{element color|table background}}; font-size:85%; border:1..." 2023-04-25T11:05:35Z

<p>Created page with "<div class="mw-collapsible {{#ifeq:{{{state|}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed|{{{state|uncollapsed}}}}}" style="background:{{element color|table background}}; font-size:85%; border:1..."</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div><div class="mw-collapsible {{#ifeq:{{{state|}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed|{{{state|uncollapsed}}}}}" style="background:{{element color|table background}}; font-size:85%; border:1px solid {{element color|table border}}; width:100%; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"><br /> <div style="background:{{element color|table title}}; padding:2px 4px;font-weight:bold;">{{#invoke:navbar|navbar|collapsible=1|Groups in the [[periodic table]]}}</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><br /> {| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" style="display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;text-align:center; max-width:1300px; margin:0; padding:0;"<br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="text-align:left;" | [[Group (periodic table)|IUPAC group]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Group (periodic table)|[[#Group 1{{!}}1]]|[[Group 1 element{{!}}1]]}}{{ref|group1|a}}<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Alkaline earth metal|2]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | &mdash;{{ref|f-block groups|b}}<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 3 element|3]]{{ref|ScYLu|c}}<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 4 element|4]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 5 element|5]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 6 element|6]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 7 element|7]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 8 element|8]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 9 element|9]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 10 element|10]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Group 11 element|11]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Group 12 element|12]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Boron group|13]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Carbon group|14]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Pnictogen|15]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Chalcogen|16]]<br /> ! style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[Halogen|17]]<br /> ! style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[Noble gas|18]]<br /> <br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;" | [[Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table|Mendeleev]] {{nowrap|<small>(I&ndash;VIII)</small>}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | I<span style="visibility:hidden">A</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | II<span style="visibility:hidden">A</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | <br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | III<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IV<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | V<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VI<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VII<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8; text-align:center;" | VIII{{0|B}}<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | I<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | II<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | III<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IV<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | V<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VI<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VII<span style="visibility:hidden">B</span><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | {{ref|group0|d}}<br /> <br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | [[Group (periodic table)#CAS and old IUPAC|CAS]] <small>{{nowrap|(US, A-B-A)}}</small><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIB<br /> | colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;" | VIIIB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IIB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIIIA<br /> <br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="text-align:left;" | [[Group (periodic table)#CAS and old IUPAC|Old&nbsp;IUPAC]] <small>{{nowrap|(Europe, A-B)}}</small><br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VA<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIA<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIA<br /> | colspan=3 style="background:#e1e1e1; border-top:1px solid #b8b8b8;" | VIII{{0|B}}<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IIB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | IIIB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | IVB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | VIB<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | VIIB<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1; font-size:95%;" | 0<br /> <br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="text-align:left;" | [[Trivial name]]{{ref|IUPAC|r}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | H and [[alkali metal]]s<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[alkaline earth metal]]s<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | <br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | <br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | <br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | <br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | <br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | <br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | <br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | <br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | <br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[boron group|triels]]<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[carbon group|tetrels]]<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[pnictogens|pnicto{{shy}}gens]]<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[chalcogens|chal{{shy}}co{{shy}}gens]]<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | [[halogens|halo{{shy}}gens]]<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | [[noble gases]]<br /> <br /> |- style="line-height:120%; vertical-align:top;"<br /> | style="text-align:left;" | Name by element{{ref|IUPAC|r}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | lith{{shy}}ium group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | beryl{{shy}}lium group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | scan{{shy}}dium group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | titan{{shy}}ium group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | vana{{shy}}dium group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | chro{{shy}}mium group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | man{{shy}}ga{{shy}}nese group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | iron group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | co{{shy}}balt group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | nickel group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | cop{{shy}}per group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | zinc group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | boron group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | car{{shy}}bon group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | nitro{{shy}}gen group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | oxy{{shy}}gen group<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" | fluor{{shy}}ine group<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" | helium ''or'' neon group<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 1 element|Period 1]]<br /> | {{element cell||Hydrogen|{{nbsp}}H{{nbsp}}|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | {{element cell||Helium|He|6=s-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 2 element|Period 2]]<br /> | {{element cell||Lithium|Li|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Beryllium|Be|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | {{element cell||Boron|B|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Carbon|C|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Nitrogen|N|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Oxygen|O|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Fluorine|F|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Neon|Ne|6=p-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 3 element|Period 3]]<br /> | {{element cell||Sodium|Na|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Magnesium|Mg|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | style="background:#f1f1f1;" |<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | {{element cell||Aluminium|Al|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Silicon|Si|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Phosphorus|P|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Sulfur|S|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Chlorine|Cl|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Argon|Ar|6=p-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 4 element|Period 4]]<br /> | {{element cell||Potassium|K|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Calcium|Ca|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1;" |<br /> | {{element cell||Scandium|Sc|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Titanium|Ti|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Vanadium|V|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Chromium|Cr|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Manganese|Mn|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Iron|Fe|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Cobalt|Co|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Nickel|Ni|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Copper|Cu|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Zinc|Zn|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Gallium|Ga|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Germanium|Ge|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Arsenic|As|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Selenium|Se|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Bromine|Br|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Krypton|Kr|6=p-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 5 element|Period 5]]<br /> | {{element cell||Rubidium|Rb|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Strontium|Sr|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="background:#e1e1e1; " | <br /> | {{element cell||Yttrium|Y|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Zirconium|Zr|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Niobium|Nb|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Molybdenum|Mo|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Technetium|Tc|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Ruthenium|Ru|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Rhodium|Rh|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Palladium|Pd|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Silver|Ag|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Cadmium|Cd|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Indium|In|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Tin|Sn|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Antimony|Sb|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Tellurium|Te|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Iodine|I|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Xenon|Xe|6=p-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 6 element|Period 6]]<br /> | {{element cell||Caesium|Cs|style=min-width:4%;|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Barium|Ba|style=min-width:4%;|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="font-size:95%; background:{{element color|f-block}}; padding:0 1px; width:*;" | {{nowrap|[[Lanthanide|La&ndash;Yb]]}}<br /> | {{element cell||Lutetium|Lu|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Hafnium|Hf|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Tantalum|Ta|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Tungsten|W|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Rhenium|Re|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Osmium|Os|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Iridium|Ir|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Platinum|Pt|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Gold|Au|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Mercury|Hg|style=min-width:4%;|6=d-block|link=mercury (element)}}<br /> | {{element cell||Thallium|Tl|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Lead|Pb|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Bismuth|Bi|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Polonium|Po|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Astatine|At|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Radon|Rn|style=min-width:4%;|6=p-block}}<br /> |-<br /> | style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;" | [[Period 7 element|Period 7]]<br /> | {{element cell||Francium|Fr|6=s-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Radium|Ra|6=s-block}}<br /> | style="font-size:95%; background:{{element color|f-block}}; padding:0 1px;" | {{nowrap|[[Actinide|Ac&ndash;No]]}}<br /> | {{element cell||Lawrencium|Lr|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Rutherfordium|Rf|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Dubnium|Db|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Seaborgium|Sg|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Bohrium|Bh|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Hassium|Hs|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Meitnerium|Mt|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Darmstadtium|Ds|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Roentgenium|Rg|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Copernicium|Cn|6=d-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Nihonium|Nh|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Flerovium|Fl|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Moscovium|Mc|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Livermorium|Lv|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Tennessine|Ts|6=p-block}}<br /> | {{element cell||Oganesson|Og|6=p-block}}<br /> |}<br /> <div style="text-align:left; background:{{element color|table mark}}">{{Anchor|Group 1b}}{{note label|group1|a}} Group 1 is composed of hydrogen (H) and the alkali metals. Elements of the group have one s-electron in the outer electron shell. Hydrogen is not considered to be an alkali metal as it is not a metal, though it is more analogous to them than any other group. This makes the group somewhat exceptional.<br/>{{note label|f-block groups|b}} The 14 [[f-block groups]] (columns) do not have a group number.<br/>{{note label|ScYLu|c}} The correct composition of group 3 is scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), and lawrencium (Lr), as shown here: this is endorsed by 1988<ref name="Fluck">{{cite journal |last1=Fluck |first1=E. |year=1988 |title=New Notations in the Periodic Table |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry|Pure Appl. Chem.]] |volume=60 |pages=431–436|doi=10.1351/pac198860030431 |url=https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf |access-date=24 March 2012 |issue=3 |s2cid=96704008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152951/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2012}}</ref> and 2021<ref name="2021IUPAC">{{cite journal |last1=Scerri |first1=Eric |date=18 January 2021 |title=Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table |url=https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf |journal=Chemistry International |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=31–34 |doi=10.1515/ci-2021-0115 |s2cid=231694898 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413150110/https://iupac.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ChemInt_Jan2021_PP.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> IUPAC reports on the question. General inorganic chemistry texts often put scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), and actinium (Ac) in group 3, so that Ce–Lu and Th–Lr become the f-block between groups 3 and 4; this was based on incorrectly measured electron configurations from history,<ref name="Jensen1982">{{cite journal |title=The Positions of Lanthanum (Actinium) and Lutetium (Lawrencium) in the Periodic Table |author=William B. Jensen |journal=J. Chem. Educ. |year=1982 |volume=59 |issue = 8|pages=634–636 |doi=10.1021/ed059p634|bibcode=1982JChEd..59..634J }}</ref> and [[Lev Landau]] and [[Evgeny Lifshitz]] already considered it incorrect in 1948.<ref name=Landau>{{cite book<br /> |author=[[Lev Landau|L. D. Landau]], [[Evgeny Lifshitz|E. M. Lifshitz]]<br /> |year=1958<br /> |title=Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory<br /> |edition=1st |volume=3<br /> |publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]<br /> |pages=256–7<br /> }}</ref> Arguments can still occasionally be encountered in the contemporary literature purporting to defend it, but most authors consider them logically inconsistent.<ref name="Jensen2015">{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=William B. |date=2015 |title=The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |journal=Foundations of Chemistry |volume=17 |issue= |pages=23–31 |doi=10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |s2cid=98624395 |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130011116/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Scerri2009>{{cite journal |last1=Scerri |first1=Eric |last2= |first2= |date=2009 |title=Which Elements Belong in Group 3? |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed086p1188 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=86 |issue=10 |pages=1188 |doi=10.1021/ed086p1188 |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref><ref name=Chemey>{{cite journal |last1=Chemey |first1=Alexander T. |last2=Albrecht-Schmitt |first2=Thomas E. |date=2019 |title=Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements |url= |journal=Radiochimica Acta |volume=107 |issue=9–11 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1515/ract-2018-3082 |access-date=}}</ref> Some sources follow a compromise that puts La–Lu and Ac–Lr as the f-block rows (despite that giving 15 f-block elements in each row, which contradicts quantum mechanics), leaving the heavier members of group 3 ambiguous.<ref name=2021IUPAC/> See also [[Group 3 element#Composition]].<br/>{{note label|group0|d}} Group 18, the noble gases, were not discovered at the time of Mendeleev's original table. Later (1902), Mendeleev accepted the evidence for their existence, and they could be placed in a new "group 0", consistently and without breaking the periodic table principle.<br/>{{note label|IUPAC|r}} Group name as recommended by IUPAC.</div><br /> </div></div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude></div>

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