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	<title>Template:Infobox copper - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-22T01:49:10Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_copper&amp;diff=268612&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Indicwiki: 1 revision imported from :alpha:Template:Infobox_copper</title>
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		<updated>2023-10-17T01:53:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported from &lt;a href=&quot;https://alpha.indicwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_copper&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;alpha:Template:Infobox copper&quot;&gt;alpha:Template:Infobox_copper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:23, 17 October 2023&lt;/td&gt;
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		<author><name>Indicwiki</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.vigyanwiki.in/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_copper&amp;diff=268611&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>alpha&gt;Indicwiki: Created page with &quot;{{Infobox element |name   =copper |symbol =Cu |Z      =29 |number =29 |abundance= |abundance in earth's crust= |abundance in oceans= |abundance in solar system= |left=nickel...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2023-08-15T05:38:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox element |name   =copper |symbol =Cu |Z      =29 |number =29 |abundance= |abundance in earth&amp;#039;s crust= |abundance in oceans= |abundance in solar system= |left=nickel...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox element&lt;br /&gt;
|name   =copper&lt;br /&gt;
|symbol =Cu&lt;br /&gt;
|Z      =29&lt;br /&gt;
|number =29&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in earth's crust=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in oceans=&lt;br /&gt;
|abundance in solar system=&lt;br /&gt;
|left=[[nickel]]&lt;br /&gt;
|right=[[zinc]]&lt;br /&gt;
|above=–&lt;br /&gt;
|below=[[Silver|Ag]]&lt;br /&gt;
|appearance=Red-orange metallic luster&lt;br /&gt;
|image name=NatCopper.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 1&lt;br /&gt;
|phase=&lt;br /&gt;
|phase comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|density gplstp=&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3nrt=8.96&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3nrt 2=&lt;br /&gt;
|density gpcm3mp=8.02&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point K=1357.77&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point C=1084.62&lt;br /&gt;
|melting point F=1984.32&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point K=2835&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point C=2562&lt;br /&gt;
|boiling point F=4643&lt;br /&gt;
|triple point K=&lt;br /&gt;
|triple point kPa=&lt;br /&gt;
|critical point K=&lt;br /&gt;
|critical point MPa=&lt;br /&gt;
|heat fusion=13.26&lt;br /&gt;
|heat fusion 2=&lt;br /&gt;
|heat vaporization=300.4&lt;br /&gt;
|heat capacity=24.440&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1=1509&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10=1661&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100=1850&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 1 k=2089&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 10 k=2404&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure 100 k=2834&lt;br /&gt;
|vapor pressure comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic&lt;br /&gt;
|electronegativity=1.90&lt;br /&gt;
|number of ionization energies=4&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 1=745.5&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 2=1957.9&lt;br /&gt;
|ionization energy 3=3555&lt;br /&gt;
|atomic radius=128&lt;br /&gt;
|atomic radius calculated=&lt;br /&gt;
|covalent radius=132±4&lt;br /&gt;
|Van der Waals radius=140&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic ordering ref=&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |url=http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|archive-date=2011-03-03}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity at 0=&lt;br /&gt;
|electrical resistivity at 20=16.78&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal conductivity=401&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal conductivity 2=&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal diffusivity=&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal expansion=&lt;br /&gt;
|thermal expansion at 25=16.5&lt;br /&gt;
|speed of sound=&lt;br /&gt;
|speed of sound rod at 20=&lt;br /&gt;
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=(annealed)&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;3810&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|−5.46|e=−6}}&lt;br /&gt;
|magnetic susceptibility ref= &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Young's modulus=110–128&lt;br /&gt;
|Shear modulus=48&lt;br /&gt;
|Bulk modulus=140&lt;br /&gt;
|Poisson ratio=0.34&lt;br /&gt;
|Mohs hardness=3.0&lt;br /&gt;
|Vickers hardness=343–369&lt;br /&gt;
|Brinell hardness=235–878&lt;br /&gt;
|Brinell hardness comment=&lt;br /&gt;
|CAS number=7440-50-8&lt;br /&gt;
|naming=after [[Cyprus]], principal mining place in Roman era ({{lang|la|Cyprium}})&lt;br /&gt;
|discovered by=[[Middle East]]&lt;br /&gt;
|discovery date=[[9000 BC]]&lt;br /&gt;
|QID=Q753&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Cu}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Template reference list}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>alpha&gt;Indicwiki</name></author>
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